Medical Laboratory Scientist ASCP Practice Exam 2026 – Complete Study Guide

An underactive thyroid function, commonly known as hypothyroidism, is indeed a well-known thyroid disorder. This condition occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, which are crucial for regulating metabolism, energy production, and overall bodily functions. Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, depression, and constipation, among others.

The thyroid gland plays a significant role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis, and when it is underactive, it can lead to significant physiological disturbances. Diagnosis typically involves measuring levels of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4) in the blood. In contrast, the other options mention conditions related to other glands (like insulin production from the pancreas and adrenal function), or processes not directly linked to thyroid function, such as insufficient red blood cell production, which is associated with anemia, not thyroid disorders. This clear distinction underscores the uniqueness of thyroid-related conditions.