Medical Laboratory Scientist ASCP Practice Exam 2025 – Complete Study Guide

The prozone effect occurs when there is an excess of antibodies relative to the antigen, leading to a false-negative result in serological tests because of insufficient antigen-antibody complex formation. To mitigate this effect, dilution of the sample is commonly employed. By diluting the sample, the concentration of antibodies is reduced, allowing for optimal antigen-antibody interaction to occur, leading to more accurate test results.

When the sample is diluted, there is a better balance between the antigen and antibody concentrations, enhancing the likelihood of forming visible complexes or precipitates in tests that rely on this reaction. This method is a practical and effective strategy used in various immunological assays to ensure that the prozone effect does not interfere with the diagnostic process.

Adjusting testing temperature, modifying antibody concentrations, or changing the assay method may not specifically target the prozone effect as effectively as dilution. Instead, these approaches may alter the overall conditions of the assay without directly addressing the imbalance of antibodies and antigens that leads to the prozone phenomenon.